The walls and towers of the Kremlin were built during the reign of Grand Duke Ivan III, under the supervision of Italian architects Antonio Gilardi, Marco Ruffo, Pietro Antonio Solari, and Aliosio de Carcano. The imposing red brick walls follow the contours of the hill, forming an irregular triangle: the southern side faces the Moskva River, the western side faces the Alexandrovsky Garden and the north-eastern side follows the edge of the Red Square. Along the walls stand 20 defensive towers of different heights and shapes, surmounted by golden weathervane or red stars. Each tower has its own name and characteristics: the Spesskaya tower represents the entrance to the Kremlin, famous for its historic clock chimes; the Tsarskaya tower is the smallest and the youngest, etc…
