Walls
Thanks to skilful engineers and expert architects, Vespasian in the second half of the sixteenth century was able to create a wall in the shape of an irregular hexagon with six wedge-shaped bastions designed by Girolamo Cattaneo and the Piacenza-born Bernardino Panizzari known as the Caramosino. The Imperial Gate, created in 1579, was dedicated to the Emperor Rudolf II of Hapsburg, and inserted in the curtain bounded by the ramparts of Sant’Elmo and San Giorgio.
